Python Operators: The Building Blocks of Code

Greetings, fellow data enthusiasts! Today, we’ll dive into the world of Python operators. These are the symbols that tell Python what operations to perform on variables and values. Think of them as the gears that keep the engine of your code running smoothly.

Covered Topics

In this short read, we will learn about operators. Because there are several types of operators in Python, they will be presented in tabular form. They are self-explanatory.

Types of Operators

1. Mathematical Operations with Operators
2. Assignment Operators
3. Comparison Operators
4. Logical Operator
5. Identity Operator
6. Operators of Memberships
7. Bitwise Operator

1. Mathematical Operations with Operators

Operation	Operator	Example	Output
Addition	+	`a=8,b=4 a + b`	12
Subtraction	–	`a=8,b=4 a - b`	4
Multiplication	*	`a=8,b=4 a * b`	32
Modulus	%	`a=8,b=4 a % b`	0
Division	/	`a=8,b=4 a / b`	2.0
Floor Division	//	`a=8,b=4 a // b`	2
Exponential	**	`a=8,b=4 a ** b`	4096

1. Concatenation

The operator (+) is used to join the second and first elements.

For example, [1,3,4] + [1,1,1] equals [1,3,4,1,1,1].

We can concatenate all other sequences in the same way.

Merge two lists with the ‘+’ operator

Python

# Merge  two lists with '+' operator.
a=[1,3,4]
b=[1,1,1]
print(a+b)

Output

[1, 3, 4, 1, 1, 1]

Merge two tuples with the + operator

Python

# Merge two tuples with + opertor.
a=(1,3,4)
b=(1,1,1)
a+b

Output

(1, 3, 4, 1, 1, 1)

Python

# Merge two Strings with + opertor.
tree='pine' 
fruit='apple'
tree + fruit

Output

'pineapple'

2. Repeat

The operator (*) is used to repeat a sequence n a number of times.

For example, (1,2,3) * 3 equals (1,2,3,1,2,3,1,2,3).

This also works with sequences that aren’t tuples.

**Use the * operator to repeat stored items**

Python

# Use * operator to 
a=[1,3,4]
a*3

Output

[1, 3, 4, 1, 3, 4, 1, 3, 4]

Python

# multiply tuple by 3
b=(4,5,6)
b*3

Output

(4, 5, 6, 4, 5, 6, 4, 5, 6)

2. Assignment Operators

Operators	Example	Explanation
=	a=10	a = 10
+=	a+=10	a = a+10
-=	a-=10	a = a-10
%=	a%=10	a = a%10
*=	a*=10	a = a*10
/=	a/=10	a = a/10
** =	a**=10	a = a**10
//=	a//=10	a = a//10
&=	a&=10	a = a&10
\|=	a\|=10	a = a\|10
^=	a^=10	a = a^10
>>=	a>>=10	a = a>>10
<<=	a<<=10	a = a<<10

Python

# Use assignment operator
a=25
print(a)

Output

Python

# Use Addition Shorthand
a += 10
print(a)

Output

Python

# Use Multiplication Shorthand
a *= 10
print(a)

Output

Python

# Use Substraction Shorthand
a -= 10
print(a)

Output

Python

# Use modulo Shorthand
a %= 2
print(a)

Output

Python

# Use Power of number Shorthand
a **= 10
print(a)

Output

10000000000

Python

# Use Division Shorthand
a /= 10
print(a)

Output

1000000000.0

3. Comparison Operators

Operators	Operation	Explanation
==	Equal to	a == b
!=	Not Equal to	a != b
>	Greater Than	a > b
<	Less Than	a < b
>=	Greater Than or Equal to	a >= b
<=	Less Than or I’m to	a <= b

Python

# Comparing if 4 is equal to 5
4==5

Output

False

Python

# Comparing if 2 is not equal to 1
2!=1

Output

True

Python

# Comparing if 2 is greater than 1
2>1

Output

True

Python

# Comparing if 4 is equal to 4
4==4

Output

True

4. Logical Operator

Operators	Explanation	Example
and	It returns True if both statements are true.	a > b and b > c
or	It returns if one or both of the statements are true.	a < b or b > c
not	Reverses the Result	not(a > c)

1. `and` operator

Python

# Declaring some integers.
a=10
c=15
b=20
# chaining comparisons.
c>a and c<b

Output

aTrue

Python

# chaining comparisons.
c>a and c>b

Output

False

Python

a# Using and operator.
True and True

Output

True

Python

# Using and operator.
True and False

Output

False

2. `or` operator

Python

# Using or operator
True or False

Output

True

Python

# Using or operator
False or False

Output

False

Python

# chaining or operator
c>a or c>b

Output

True

3. `not` operator

Python

# Using Not Operator with and
not True and False

Output

False

Python

# Using Not Operator with or
not True or False

Output

False

Python

# Using not operator with greater than b.
not a>b

Output

True

Python

# Using not operator with lesser than b.
not a<b

Output

False

5. Identity Operator

Operators	Explanation	Example
is	If Both given objects do not hold the same value, it will Return True	a is c
is not	If Both given objects do not hold the same value, it will return True	a is not c

Python

a=10
c=15
b=10
d=25
# Check if a is b , it's checked with id() function.
a is b

Output

True

Python

# Check if b is c , it's checked with id() function.
b is c

Output

False

Python

# Check if a is not c , it's checked with id() function.
a is not c

Output

True

Python

# Check if b is not c , it's checked with id() function.
b is not c

Output

True

6. Operators of Memberships

The membership operators (in) and (not in) are used to determine whether an item is present in the sequence. They either return True or False.

For example, the statement ‘la’ in “Manilla” evaluates to True, while the statement ‘a’ in “all” evaluates to False.

Operators	Explanation	Example
in	If the given value is not available in the collection,It will Return True	a in c
not in	an in c	a not in c

Python

# find 'pine' in fruit
# use membership operator 'in'.
fruit='pineapple'
'pine' in fruit

Output

True

Python

# find 'app' in fruit
'app' in fruit

Output

True

Python

# find 'banana' in fruit.
'banana' not in fruit

Output

True

Python

# find 'ineapp' in fruit.
'inepp' not in fruit

Output

False

7. Bitwise Operator

Name	Operators	Description
AND	&	Returns 1 if both bits are 1
OR	\|	Returns 1 if one or both bits are 1
Left Shift(Zero fill)	<<	Shifts bits to left by putting zeros from right and left end bit is deleted
Signed Right Shift	>>	Shifts bits to right by putting numbers copied from right to left and rightend bit is deleted
XOR	^	Returns 1 if only one bit is 1 and returns zero if both bits are same
NOT	~	Inverts Every bit

Python

# Using bitwise and
a = 10
b = 4
print('AND')
print( bin(a) , '\t' , bin(b) )
print("a & b =", a & b)

Output

AND
0b1010 	 0b100
a & b = 0

Python

# Using bitwise or
print('OR')

print( bin(a) , '\t' , bin(b) )

print("a | b =", a | b)

Output

OR
0b1010 	 0b100
a | b = 14

Python

# using bitwise not
print('NOT')

print( bin(a) , '\t' , bin(b) )

print("~a =", ~a)

Output

NOT
0b1010 	 0b100
~a = -11

Python

# using bitwise xor
print('XOR')

print( bin(a) , '\t' , bin(b) )

print("a ^ b =", a ^ b)

Output

XOR
0b1010 	 0b100
a ^ b = 14

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